What happens inside the human brain (at the time of ‘learning’) is something non computational. It falls into those class of computing problems that cannot be  simulated using any type of computer (classical or quantum).

What this means is that no matter how advanced our AI becomes, it will still not be able to have certain insights that humans naturally obtain.

The classic chess stalemate example that stumped IBM’s deep thought is one such case – where the computer did not really realize that it was playing chess. It was simply following a set of rules.